Capacitance

Equivalent diagram and vector diagram

If a voltage V exists between two separate electrically conductive bodies with the charge Q, the capacitance C is obtained from the quotient of these values. The most important technical application of this effect is the Capacitor.

Its simplest form is the Plate capacitor. The capacitance indicates a capacitor's storage capacity. It is calculated by dividing the charge Q by the applied voltage V. Capacitors have a constant capacitance that depends solely on the component's Design and size.

In AC circuits, capacitances cause a phase shift of current and voltage. In the case of a pure capacitance, the current leads the voltage by 90°. Ohmic resistances are also always present in real circuits (even if this is just from the wiring). This produces a variable phase shift angle$\varphi $ .