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If doping is performed with a pentavalent impurity atom, one of the valence electrons is unable to find a binding partner and remains in the crystal structure as a free electron.
Doping is the process of deliberately altering a semi-conductor's conductivity or crystal structure by introducing a small number of impurity atoms into high-purity semi-conductor crystals.
Um die Leitfähigkeit oder die Kristallstruktur von Halbleitern gezielt zu verändern, werden durch die sogenannte Dotierung in hochreine Halbleiterkristalle wenige Fremdatome eingebaut.