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Unwanted regenerative effects can cause the workpiece to oscillate, leading to an uneven finish.
In this case, the actual value oscillates around the setpoint value, because the manipulated variable jumps to '1' if it falls below a certain value and to '0' if it exceeds the upper limit value.
Pendulum oscillation occurs when a body is displaced and accelerates towards its position of origin due to gravitational acceleration , with the result that it oscillates, or swings, around its position of rest.