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Upsetting processes include surfacing, compression surface finishing and sizing.
Compression energy (sound pressure) and kinetic energy (sound particle velocity in ) are transported as sound energy and converted into each other.
As a rule, the flow curve is generated at room temperate in a uniaxial tensile test in the area of uniform elongation or in a uniaxial compression test.
Bei schwierigen Werkstoffen oder Teilen wird eine Warmstauchung angewendet, um die Umformkräfte niedrig zu halten.